The history of civilization, of course, is long. The first indications of organized communities date back to the Neolithic period, around 11,000 BC, although many experts believe that even older civilizations existed (possible starting points are the Predynastic period of Egypt or the Ubain period of Mesopotamia).
In this history lesson, we’ll explore how civilizations began in different parts of the world and how they developed over time.
The Sumerian civilization is one of the oldest known to history. He was very successful and achieved great things, such as writing and mathematics. The Sumerian people were also able to create a form of government similar to the current one.
Early Civilizations
It is mentioned that the first civilizations of humanity were those of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India and China.
A civilization is called form of social, political and economic organization of great complexity that has the following elements:
Civilization is the action and effect of civilizing, it is also the cultural stage of the most advanced societies according to their level of science, arts, etc.
Use of a writing or accounting system in order to record the movements of people and products.
Existence of a centralized political power, it can be a powerful ruler, usually theocratic power.
Formation of a stratified society.
Organization around large cities with what must be thousands of inhabitants.
Mesopotamia. A civilization between two rivers
Mesopotamia, the land between two rivers, is considered by historians and archaeologists as the cradle of civilization. The first civilizations appeared in this region around 3500 BC.
The Sumerians lived in Mesopotamia and built great cities there. They also developed writing and made other important discoveries, such as irrigation systems and agriculture.
The Babylonians took over from the Sumerians after 2000 BC and built their own empire based on agriculture and trade with other peoples who lived nearby.
The Assyrians were another town that settled in the area; They had a powerful empire but lost power after 900 BC when their capital was destroyed by the Greeks who attacked it.
A little history
In the lower mesopotamia Human settlements existed since the Neolithic as evidenced by the Jarmo culture (6700 BC – 6500 BC) and in the Chalcolithic those of the Hassuna-Samarra culture (5500 – 5000 BC), El Obeid (5000 – 4000 BC), Uruk (4000 – 3200 BC) and Yemdet Nasr (3200 – 3000 BC).
The first civilization that developed a large urban system and a writing system was that of Sumer or Sumerian, which is recorded as the oldest of all and as the first civilization recorded in history.
The SumeriansSumer or Sumer were located in the southernmost region of ancient Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, close to the mouth of both rivers in the Persian Gulf.
Probably They reached Mesopotamia andn around 3500 BC and they mixed with the indigenous population to build the first civilization in history or perhaps they were an indigenous population and lived in Mesopotamia forever.
The civilization Sumer the oldest in the world.
The Sumerian civilization was a Mesopotamian civilization that arose in the fertile valley of the Tigris-Euphrates river. It is considered the first literate society, and its people invented many things such as writing, pottery, and agriculture.
The Sumerians were also very skilled at making tools out of stone, wood, and metals like copper and bronze. They had a form of government called a monarchy or city-state ruled by a king or deity
Uruk
Sumerian culture probably began to be forged in the city of Uruk with the so-called Uruk Period, later extending to the rest of Lower Mesopotamia.
In this city the wheel appears around 3500 BC and writing around 3300 BC This last event marks the transition between Prehistory and History.
Later, around the year 3,200 a. C. Urban agglomerations appeared in the current territory of Egypt, on the banks of the Nile River.
Around the year 2,500 a. of C. urban systems have been detected in the valley of the river Indus in the Indian subcontinent, and in China signs of civilization are registered in the year 1,800 a. of C.
The civilization Sumer was a civilization in southern Mesopotamia, in the region of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Sumer was a civilization in southern Mesopotamia, in the region of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Located in ancient southern Mesopotamia (present-day southern Iraq), Sumer was centered on the city of Ur, but grew to encompass much of Mesopotamia.
The Sumerian civilization arose in the floodplain of the lower Tigris and Euphrates rivers around 4000 BC.
The Sumerian civilization arose in the floodplain of the lower Tigris and Euphrates rivers around 4000 BC. The Sumerians developed a complex agricultural system, traded with distant peoples, and built cities.
Their written language included more than 1,000 characters that were used to express concepts such as «love», «death» or «the house of Enlil».
The Sumerian civilization was one of the first civilizations recorded in history.
The Sumerians were a non-Semitic people who spoke an isolated language; however, it was related to languages such as Elamite and Akkadian (ie Semitic). The Akkadian language became the dominant language throughout Mesopotamia during this period.
Archaeological finds date from around 5000 BC and suggest the existence of permanent settlements and the appearance of agriculture around 4000 BC.
Archaeological finds date to around 5000 BC and suggest permanent settlements and the emergence of agriculture around 4000 BC Archaeological evidence suggests permanent settlements around 5000 BC Evidence suggests the emergence of agriculture around 4000 BC Archaeological evidence is not always accurate. Archeology is not a precise science, as it relies heavily on imperfect processes such as observation, collection, and interpretation to produce data about past events or human activities.
The language of this culture is not related to any other known language and is not yet fully understood.
Sumerian is the oldest known written language in the world. The language of this culture is not related to any other known language and is not yet fully understood.
This civilization was the first literate civilization in history and one of the first civilizations known to archaeology.
Sumerian writing is the oldest known in the world. The Sumerians used it to record inventories and lists of goods, as well as for religious purposes.
Sumerian writing developed from the pictograms. The first signs were pictorial representations of objects that represented their names, such as the drawing of a house that represented «house» or the image of an ox that represented «oxen» (a herd).
The next step was to develop symbols that represented phonetic sounds rather than the meaning of words; this is known as phonetics.
The Sumerians developed many practical skills such as agriculture, pottery, weaving, mathematics, and writing.
The Sumerian civilization was one of the first great civilizations, which developed in southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq…