por He Subnetting or subnetting is the technique of subdividing a large physical IP network into several smaller logical networksso that each of these subnets They function as an individual network with respect to sending and receiving packets, although they continue to belong to the same main network and the same domain. This process must be carried out carefully, so as not to waste IPv4 addresses.
To carry out this technique, It is established as a unique address to the router that makes the connection between the network and the Internet. However, there may be multiple hidden hosts, so the number of hosts available to the administrator will increase significantly.
Let’s see, then, an example of subnetting, or rather, several.
Main concepts of Subnetting
To understand the practice of subnetting, it will be necessary to learn or remember certain key concepts such as broadcast, IP address, IPv4 types, subnets, subnet mask, among others.
Broadcast
Also known as transmission or radio broadcasting, broadcast is defined as the message transmitted to members of a network, without the need for feedback. This multipoint connection of a computer network is responsible for transmitting a data packet to all members of a communication network, through the use of an address. Broadcast.
IP adress
The term IP address or Internet Protocol address refers to a numerical representation of the location of a device on the Internet or a local network. It works as a device identifier and allows information to be sent between computers on a network.
Types of IPv4
In the fourth version of the Internet protocol, you can identify 3 types of IP addresses that are (each one) in charge of fulfilling a specific task, these being:
Broadcast Address
It is the last IP address within a subnet and allows data transmission to a multitude of nodes receivers that are part of the same subnet.
network address
It is himthe IP address to which the network or subnet refers. The network address includes routers in their routing tables so that they can reach an established destination and so that the origin of a packet can be known.
Host Address
They are the IP addresses (subnetting IP) that are assigned to the end devices of the network and are used to identify a particular device that is connected to the network.
Subnet
It is a logical address range used to maximize the IPv4 address space. They allow part of the host address space to be allocated to network addresses, making it possible to have more networks. That host address space assigned to the new addresses is called the subnet number.
Subnet address
A subnet address is used to Compare the destination address of a message with the address of the message’s source hostwith the objective of establishing if the destination is located at the same address as the origin, or if it is possible to reach the destination through one of the local interfaces.
Why practice Subnetting?
Dividing a large network into a series of small subnets or practicing subnetting can bring many benefits to the administrator and the system, such as the independent operation of each of the subnets makes the data collection process is carried out more quickly. This is because subnetting allows the local expansion or reduction of the IP address range, which results in greater clarity in networks. In addition to this, the decrease or containment of broadcast traffic favors the speed and optimization of the network.
Subnetting also allows for improvement in network organizationbecause it is possible to use each subnet created to fulfill a specific function, allowing for more manageable addressing, which helps optimize and organize the network in general.
Likewise, this practice increases safety levels and allows better traffic managementwhich translates into easier management of incoming and outgoing traffic, making it easier, for example, to allow or deny traffic between different devices.
Another reason to divide a network into smaller networks or subnetworks is that avoid unnecessary dissemination which can slow down the operation of the network. A broadcast refers to the process of sending information by a computer to another device that is connected to its network. Therefore, subdividing networks can have the advantage of stopping the physical network, and restricting it to individual subnets.
What is the next step?
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