por The types of poems They are classified based on a series of characteristics related to the number of syllables, the type of rhyme or stanzas, and the composition. The poem is defined as a work composed of verses, which seeks to express both the emotions and the impressions that its author has of the world. It belongs to poetry, one of the main literary genres.
Likewise, this type of poetic composition makes use of language tools such as rhyme, prose or metrics. In general, poems are made up of two basic elements: verses and stanzas. Which gives rise to a broad classification of types of poems that we will see below.
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Main types of poems
-According to the number of syllables in the verses
Of minor art
Those that have eight syllables or less are known as minor art verses. According to the number of syllables they have, they are assigned a name. Are:
disyllabic: are those verses that have two syllables. These are usually very rare in the literature. However, they were the most used in the time of Romanticism.
trisyllabic: are those verses that have three syllables. Like the verses of two syllables, those of three are rare. They began to be used from the 18th century until today.
four syllables: These are verses of four syllables. This type of verse has been used since the Middle Ages alone or combined with other verses that used to be eight.
pentasyllabic: are verses of five syllables. Like those with four syllables, these have been used since the Middle Ages in combination with other types of verse. However, from the fifteenth century they began to be used independently.
hexasyllabic: are those verses of six syllables. They have been used since the Middle Ages in popular compositions.
heptasyllabic: They stand out for being seven syllables. Its use became popular in the Renaissance era. They used to be used in combination with verses of eleven syllables. These verses were also widely used in the 18th century.
eight syllables: His verses have eight syllables and it is the most popular type of verse in Spanish poems. It has been used uninterruptedly from the 11th century to the present.
of greater art
Those that have nine or more syllables are known as major art verses. Like minor art verses, they are assigned a name depending on the number of syllables. Are:
eneasyllabic: these are verses of nine syllables. Poems with eneasyllabic verses appeared in refrains of both poems and popular songs in the period from the 15th to the 17th century. However, its use increased in the following centuries.
decasyllables: are those verses that have 10 syllables. This type of verses is rarely used and is done in combination with other types of verses.
hendecasyllables: They stand out for having 11 syllables. Starting in the 16th century, hendecasyllabic verses became more important and became one of the most used in Castilian poetry. It is worth noting that depending on the position in which the non-strophic accents are found, there are several types of hendecasyllabic verses.
dodecasyllabic: These are verses of 12 syllables. It was widely used both in the 14th century and in the 15th century. This is a verse that is made up of two hemistics of six plus six syllables, or seven plus five syllables.
tridecasílabos: these are verses of 13 syllables. They have also seen little use throughout history.
Alexandrine: this is the name given to verses with 14 syllables. It was frequently used during the 13th and 14th centuries. But then it was used very little until the 19th century, when it was implemented by the romantic poets.
Pentadecasyllabic: are made up of 15 syllables.
hexadecasyllabic or octonary: are the verses of 16 syllables
heptadecasyllabic: These are verses of 17 syllables.
Octodecasyllabic: are those verses that have 18 syllables.
enneadecasílabos: contain 19 syllables.
-According to the type of rhyme
Rhyme is one of the language tools used in poems. It is a similarity of final sounds that the verses have. The rhymes can be of two types, distinguishing two types of poems:
poems with consonant rhyme
A poem is considered consonant when its last syllable is similar in pronunciation or intonation to the first syllable. Basically it is the one that is established between the verses whose endings are the same and include both vowels and consonants.
poems with assonance rhyme
A poem is assonance when in its sentences only the vowels rhyme. In this case, the rhyme is only established in the vowels that are stressed in the last tonic syllable located at the end of each line. This type of poem is also given the name ¨imperfect¨ or ¨partial¨.
-According to the type of stanzas
of two verses
couplet: These are verses that can be minor or major art. And they can be both consonant or assonant rhyming.
of three verses
triplet: It is about three verses of major art with consonant rhyme.
third party: also refers to three verses with consonant rhyme but minor art.
soleá: It is made up of minor art verses but with assonance rhyme.
of four verses
Quartet: It is about four verses of major art with consonant rhyme.
redondilla: in this case there are four verses of minor art, but also·with consonant rhyme.
Serventesian: It is also about four verses of major art with consonant rhyme.
quatrain: are four verses of minor art with consonant rhyme.
Couplet: It is about four octosyllabic verses with consonant rhyme.
Sash: There are four Alexandrian verses with consonant rhyme.
of five verses
Quintet: It is about five verses of major art with consonant rhyme. In this case there are no more than two verses in a row with the same rhyme and no verse without rhyme.
limerick: There are five verses of minor art with consonant rhyme and variable scheme.
Lira: It is about two hendecasyllabic verses with three seven-syllable verses. They rhyme consonant
of six verses
Broken foot or manriqueña couplet: these are minor art verses with consonant rhyme
of eight verses
eighth real: It is about eight verses of major art with consonant rhyme.
Pamphlet: in this case there are eight verses of minor art with consonant rhyme and variable scheme.
of ten verses
tenth or spinel: These are verses of minor art with consonant rhyme.
-According to its composition
Sonnet
Sonnets are poetic compositions consisting of fourteen verses, which are consonant hendecasyllables.
In addition to six verses that usually form two tercets. It has its origin in Italy and was consolidated by Dante and Petrarch.
The sonnet arrived in Spain in the fifteenth century and became one of the most influential lyrical genres in the history of Hispanic literature. Since it began to be used, it has adopted other combinations and variations such as the sonnet or the sonnet with strambote, among others.
Romance
This is a composition that is made up of an indeterminate number of eight-syllable verses.
In this case the odd numbers are free rhyming and the even numbers are assonant rhyming. These types of poems are of popular anonymous origin and the oldest admitted the mixture of assonance and consonance.
zejel
It is a poetic composition of Hispanic-Arabic origin. It consists of an initial chorus made up of two or three verses.
It also has a variable number of stanzas, which are made up of three monorhyme verses and a last verse, which is the turn. This rhymes with the chorus. This singing combination appeared in Muslim Spain.
Carol
Christmas carols are a zegel-like composition. Over the years this composition has been called a religious and Christmas song.
It is made up of an initial chorus, as well as a move and a verse back. In this case, all the verses are eight syllables or seven syllables and are linked as follows.
First there is a chorus of three or four verses, then a foot that consists of moving and then two or three linking verses that rhyme with the chorus.
Silva
It is an unlimited series of verses that can be consonant heptasyllables and hendecasyllables.
These are usually rhymed to suit the poet. In this composition, loose verses may appear. One condition for this type of series is that the rhymes should not be too far apart. The silva is of Italian origin and began to be used in Spanish poetry in the 16th century.
Song
It is a poem that has a rather complex structure. This can vary depending on factors such as the poet and the time in which it is created. It is a combination in stanzas of heptasyllabic and hendecasyllabic verses.
In this case the rhymes can be assonant or consonant. The song is also a composition of Italian origin. But this came to Spanish poetry during the Renaissance.
Madrigal
The madrigal is a brief poetic composition, but with great harmony and simplicity. It is basically a short love song. It can be from three to six voices and it combines seven-syllable and hendecasyllable verses with consonant rhyme.
letrilla
All poems with a refrain are known by the name of letrilla. It appeared during the so-called Golden Age and its main feature was its burlesque or satirical tone. These are verses of minor art with a consonant rhyme and with a structure very similar to that of a Christmas carol.
Free verse
When speaking of free verses, it refers to poems that do not have any fixed metric scheme. This type of poems is based on a different rhythm that can include arrangement of words, syntactic structure, among other things. The free verses were the basic of the poetry of the 20th century.
haiku
This is a poem of Japanese origin that was widely used in the 20th century. This type of composition consists of 3 verses of 5, 7 and 5 syllables.
In the haiku, in addition to the feeling of love, other expressions that evoke both love and divinities and nature are usually expressed. This type of poem is usually interrelated in rhyme between its verses and stanzas.
Ode
It is a type of composition in verse that is characterized by having a tone of praise, admiration and exaltation. This type of poem is generally used to extol a character or an idea. Unlike most compositions, it has an unknown number of lines.
Epigram
It is a short poetic composition that is characterized by containing only two verses. It usually conveys a feeling of joy and jubilation, as well as joy and in some cases it even has a touch of satire and mockery.
Elegy
It is a special type of poem that does not have a fixed metrical form. It is responsible for transmitting feelings of abandonment, anguish, despair and sadness.
Eclogue
This is a type of poem in which its verses are related to nature, as well as alluding to and making comparisons with the love of two people. On the other hand, it can be defined as a poetic composition dedicated to idealizing the life of shepherds and the countryside.
References
Communication scope. Poem,…