por The social, political and economic components of Sonora are the characteristics in the political organization, demographic distribution, education, health and economic-industrial development that describe the current situation of the state of Sonora, in Mexico.
Sonora is one of the 31 states that make up the United Mexican States or Mexico. It limits to the north with the United States of America, to the south with Sinaloa, to the east with Chihuahua, and to the west with the Gulf of California and Baja California.
The state of Sonora includes in its jurisdiction the islands of El Tiburón, San Esteban, Lobos and other islets. Its territorial extension is the second largest in the country, after Chihuahua, occupying 9.2% of the national territory.
It has 72 municipalities, one of which is Hermosillo, which houses the state capital of the same name: Hermosillo.
political components
Mexico is a country politically organized as a democratic, representative and federal republic.
Consequently, the state of Sonora is free and independent from the Federated States in relation to its internal administration and regime, but subject to and prioritizing the General Constitution of the Mexican Republic.
This is stated in Article 25 of Chapter II (Form of Government) of the Constitution, in which it adds the attributes of «secular» and popular.
Sovereignty resides primarily in the people, who elect, through free, authentic and periodic elections, the state governor, the deputies to the state Congress and the members of the city council.
The public body in charge of elections is the State Electoral and Citizen Participation Institute. It divides its functions under the 3 traditional branches of public power: executive, legislative and judicial.
The executive is headed by the state governor for a period of 6 years, counting from September 13 after the election.
The governor and his cabinet are in charge of carrying out the proposed government plan, which must be aligned with the national development plan from the national administration.
In the legislature is the collegiate body of the Congress of the state of Sonora, made up of 33 deputies: 21 directly elected with their respective substitutes and 12 indirectly elected by proportional representation (Article 31 of Section II Referring to the election of deputies). Its primary work is the creation of laws and effecting political control.
The judicial branch includes the Supreme Court of Justice, regional circuit courts, first instance courts, and local courts. Its main function is the administration of justice.
Sonora is made up of 72 municipalities administered by the town halls (collegiate deliberative bodies), made up of a municipal president, a trustee and the councilors (Chapter I, article 130).
social components
Hermosillo is the state capital and the most populous city, with 855,563 inhabitants. It was founded on January 10, 1824.
The state of Sonora has a population of 2,944,840 inhabitants, of which 50.3% are men and 49.7% women.
The indigenous community residing in the state that identifies as members of an autochthonous ethnic group and speakers of an indigenous language is 60,310, that is, 17.8%.
The most common indigenous languages in the state are Mayo (44.6%) and Yaqui (28.2%). Only 0.1% consider themselves Afro-descendant.
Regarding the level of literacy of people over 15 years of age, 50% have basic education, 25% upper secondary education, 22% higher education and 3% have no schooling. Access to university education continues to be a challenge for the development of the region.
Sonora’s education system is one of the most prestigious in Mexico. The most outstanding educational institutions are the Universidad del Noreste, Universidad de La Salle, Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora and the Universidad de Sonora.
86% of the population is subscribed to the health system, distributed as follows: 55% belongs to the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) and the other 31% to Seguro Popular and other institutions.
economic components
Sonora contributes 2.9% of the national GDP. Regarding employment, 63% of the population is economically active. Of the above figure, 60% are men and the rest are women.
The economic sector that employs the most workers is commerce and services, with 61%, followed by the industrial sector with 29% and 10% in the agricultural sector.
The North American Free Trade Agreement, signed in 1994 between Canada, the United States and Mexico, represented a great opportunity to capitalize on the proximity of the border with the United States to boost its own economy and built assembly plants or maquilas for the production of goods for North American car, appliance and food companies.
Despite this, the added value that it adds to the assembled goods is very little.
Sonora also depends a lot on its agricultural activity, especially cattle and cattle raising, occupying the first and fifth place respectively at the national level.
Unfortunately, the problem of insufficient added value in the automotive industry is also transferred to primary activities, which are generally not transformed or sold.
References
Sonora works. State Development Plan 2016-2021. Recovered from sonora.gob.mx
Political Constitution of the Free and Sovereign State of Sonora. Recovered from congresoson.gob.mx